Can You get a Settlement Agreement if You’ve Been Employed Under 2 Years?

“What date did you start your employment?”

That’s one of the first questions I ask any employee who’s been offered a settlement agreement.

The amount of time you’ve been employed (known as the length of service) has a great impact on your employment rights. In particular, your legal position is much weaker if you’ve been employed for under two years.

What difference does it make to the settlement agreement?

If you’ve been employed for under 2 years, there aren’t many claims you could bring against your employer. For example, if you haven’t been employed for longer than 2 years, you can’t:

• claim compensation for unfair dismissal
• resign and claim compensation for constructive dismissal
• insist on any kind of redundancy payment

This means that it’s relatively safe for your employer to sack you if you have not yet been employed for the qualifying period, even if they don’t have a fair reason for dismissing you. There is not much incentive for them to pay you compensation in a settlement agreement.

Are there any exceptions?

There are a few exceptions to the two year rule.

Certain types of dismissal are automatically unfair, which means that you can claim unfair dismissal, even if you’ve been employed for under two years.

For example, you don’t need a minimum qualifying period to claim compensation if the dismissal was for one of the following reasons:

• You asked to be released for jury service
• You were pregnant or have recently given birth
• You indicated that you were going to take action to enforce a statutory right, such as the right to be paid the National Living Wage

You can see a full list of ‘automatically unfair’ dismissals in the Employment Rights Act 1996.

If any of those apply in your case, you should let your employer know. You may have a claim against your employer. It may be in both parties’ best interests to agree a settlement agreement.

Are there other claims you could bring, even if you’ve been employed under 2 years?

Although your employer doesn’t need to show a fair reason to dismiss you if you’ve been employed for under 2 years, they’re not allowed to discriminate against you.

Discrimination means you’ve been treated less favourably because of a protected characteristic, such as race, gender, religion etc. A full list of protected characteristics can be found here.

For example, if your employer were to dismiss you because of your racial background, that would be automatically unfair. You could claim compensation, irrespective of how long you were employed.

There are however some less obvious ways that your employer could unintentionally discriminate against you.

For example, they may decide to sack you because of your sickness record.  If you have been employed for less than 2 years, you can’t claim unfair dismissal. However, you may be able to show that the reason you had so much time off sick was that you have a disability and that, by sacking you, the have discriminated against you on the grounds of that disability. This would potentially be disability discrimination.

This would be a discrimination claim, rather than an unfair dismissal claim. You would be entitled to claim damages for lost earnings and injury to feelings.

If you believe that you’re the victim of discrimination, you may want to raise a grievance. In turn, this may help you to get a settlement agreement. The amount you should accept as a settlement package depends on a number of factors but you you should consider calculations including your lost earnings and injury to feelings. It’s usually better to agree a settlement agreement, rather thank pursue an employment tribunal claim.

What about my contractual rights?

If your employer breaches your employment contract, you can claim compensation, even if you’ve been employed under two years.

However your compensation would be limited to your contractual entitlements. Typically, these are:

• Salary and benefits up to the termination date (this may be less than normal if you were on furlough leave)
• Notice pay (unless the dismissal is for gross misconduct)
• Payment for any holiday that hasn’t been taken, calculated up to the termination date

You wouldn’t be able to claim compensation for future lost earnings or injury to feelings.

Should you ask for a settlement agreement?

The purpose of a settlement agreement is for you to give up any claims against your employer. If you’ve been employed under two years, you probably don’t have a claim, unless one of the exceptions applies.

However, there may still be some incentive for your employer to offer you a settlement agreement.

Playing it safe

Sometimes, employers prefer to be on the safe side.

It’s safer to ask an employee to sign away all their rights, usually in exchange for some kind of settlement payment, even if there’s no obvious prospect of the employer bringing a claim.

Guilty conscience

Even if your employer isn’t breaking the law, they may feel bad about having to bring your employment to an end. After all, you’ve contributed a lot to the business. Terminating your employment will cause you distress and inconvenience.

Although there’s no legal duty to do so, your employer may feel a moral responsibility to pay you something in a settlement agreement.

A desire to maintain a good relationship

Some employers genuinely don’t want to fall out with their staff, even if they have to let them go.

By offering a settlement agreement, which may include a financial payment as well as a favourable reference, they will be able to show good will and help the employee towards finding another job.

Can you negotiate?

Negotiation is much more tricky if you’ve been employed under two years. Unless you can show that one of the exceptions applies to you, there isn’t much incentive for your employer to pay you more money.

Nevertheless, you may be able to negotiate on the basis of good will. This is likely to work if you can show factors such as:

• you’ve had a good relationship with your employer
• you’ve been a hard-working employee and you’ve made a valuable contribution to the business
• losing your job puts you (and your family) in a very difficult situation
• you left another job to join your current employer

These are all factors that an employment tribunal wouldn’t take into account. They may however have some leverage with a reasonable employer.

If you do want to negotiate, you will probably find it helpful to ask for a protected conversation with your employer.

For some helpful tips, read this article about negotiating a better settlement agreement.

Free Consultation About Your Settlement Agreement

If you have received an offer of a settlement agreement, you will need to make sure you receive legal advice on it.

We advise clients throughout the UK. Call us now for a free consultation.

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